Malana is an ancient village in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh, India. Primarily known for the best hashish in the world, it gained fame in the beginning of this century as the best Hippie spot and cheap stash. But, Malana has always been more than that. It has a beautiful culture that stands out amongst all other Himalayan villages.

Located at an altitude of about 8700 ft, this village has always been quiet and peaceful. Like all Himalayan villages, Malana also has a temple complex, shrines to its main deity and different religious practices. Its administrative system resembles that of a democratic republic and these people are known to speak a dialect not spoken anywhere else in the world. The inhabitants of this village worship Rishi Jamdagni who is the greatest of all mountain gods that nearby settlements revere.

In 2007, because of a dam construction project, a road reached the village and Malana commercialized and then entered a phase of globalization. The elders called it the intrusion of the government which destroyed its forest and placed a ban on their 'Holy weed'. Outraged, they rebelled but soon greed for money and jobs in the dams and the valleys lured the newer generation toward the modern world. This phase has stabilized and Malana is modernizing now. But, the backbone of its economy is the cannabis production which is illegal. The present scenario is much more complex and this website covers a holistic view of the history, culture, economy, infrastructure, tourism and many other aspects of this village.

The aim of this research was primarily to understand the village properly so as to know the background well. There are a few genuine researchers, but most of what can be found on the internet about Malana is either false or lacks genuine references.

Malana, today, faces an "Identity Crisis" because people have misunderstood its culture and eccentric systems. This is because several 'travellers' and 'bloggers' have fabricated stories either from their imaginations or from collection of incorrect information and they have posted them on their domains. This has resulted in widespread delusion of what this village actually is and has negatively impacted Malana's image in our society and has also affected the locals.

Such insensitive journalism should be detested and hopefully, this portal will help tear apart false stories about Malana.

The data collected covers aspects of the village such as the social structure, administration, legislation, faith and religion, present infrastructure and other amenities. Being unique in nature, a lot of attention was given to the cultural background of the village. Quantitative data was also obtained from statistical reports to back up the data collected from interactions with the locals.

Three sources of information on Malana have played a pivotal role in understanding life in Malana:

1. Exhibition- Malana Shangri-La in the Himalayas
2. Movie- BOM aka One day ahead of democracy
3. My visits to Malana village
4. My stay in Malana during the waste management campaign

Direct communication with the locals during my stay in the village and passive ways such as communicating through emails, online social networks and phone calls with the researchers who have played leading roles in the exhibition, movie and the book mentioned above have also allowed me to know a lot more on the village.

For the questionnaire survey, 10-15 individuals were approached, and information was sought regarding various social and economic issues. The selected individuals were males and the number of individuals interviewed were limited due to certain limitations mentioned below

A questionnaire covering topics such as village life, cannabis cultivation, garbage disposal, other commercial activities such as sale of wool and hemp products and housing was developed for the locals. A survey was also done to gather information on travel expectations and experiences of tourists in Malana. The census report of 2011 by the "Census of India" has been very helpful to get empirical data very important for this research.

Malana village is in the Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh, India. At an altitude of 2652m (8701 ft), the village lies in a side valley of the greater Parvati valley. It is 19 kilometers away from the nearest village called Jari which is connected to a roadway heading toward Kasol and Manikaran. It is situated on a gradual slope on a mountain and villagers own land on nearby mountains as well. The village is surrounded by dense forests and the nearest village by foot is Rasol (to the east) which lies across the Rasol pass.

Latitude: 32.062; Longitude: 77.260

Pin code: 175 105

Location of the village [Source: http://www.censusindia.gov.in]

Malana location map

The total population of the village (as per Census of India 2011) is 1722; out of which total number of males is 888 and total number of females is 834. The sex ratio of the village is 939 females per 1000 males. The total number of children (0-6 years of age) is 371; out of which 202 are males and 169 are females.

From the most recent data acquired from the Naggar block Village Panchayat Inspector, the population of Malana has increased to 2000. Also, the number of households has risen to 400 as of February, 2018.

Households and population dynamics of Malana [Source: Panchayat Inspector's Office, Naggar]

Teenagers having a good time (November, 2016)

The literacy rate of Malana(as per Census of India 2011) is 31.65 %. The literacy rate of males is 40.54 % and females is 22.18 %. Since, 2001, the literacy rate has gone up by 26 %; out of which the literacy rate in males has risen by 29% and in females has risen by 23 %.

All inhabitants of Malana today, are Hindus. There exists a group of 28 persons belonging to the Scheduled castes who are known as the Lohars. The Malanis treat all other people as untouchables due to their cultural beliefs. To do jobs like playing musical instruments during ceremonies or other festivals in the village, this Lohar family was invited to Malana long ago. Since then, they have grown in numbers and but are still treated as untouchables.

Formal and informal institutions

The climate is cold. Temperatures drop drastically during the nights and rise during the day. Summers are comfortable to live due to less precipitation. The months of July and August are categorized as rainy due to the south-west monsoon. Temperatures decrease to the least between December and February marking the winter. Snow as high as 8-14 ft may cover the ground and water in taps freezes causing inconvenience. The snow melts in March when the temperature start increasing during the spring season.

The climate being cold, the maximum temperature even during the Summer season stays at the mid 20 degrees celsius mark. In the coldest days of the Winter, temperatures may drop to even -15 degree celsius. Due to the mountainous terrain, mild rainfall occurs often in the afternoon. Humidity is low.

Winter in Malana (Picture courtesy: Amlan Datta)

Other crops such as potato, corn, cabbage, rajma and 'Kattu'(wild fruit) are cultivated for personal consumption whenever land is free (except in winters).

Villagers growing crops in their cottage backyards (May, 2015)

Food items are brought into the village from nearby places such as Jari and Bhuntar. Other than wild fruits and some crops, no other food source is attributed to the village. There is no scarcity of food in any period of a year.

Beehives to harvest honey in the outskirts of Malana (November, 2016)

Common diseases are normal occurrences in the village. This includes diseases such as cough, cold, fever, diarrhea, etc. Other diseases such as malaria and diabetes have also been reported in the village.

Being situated on a mountainous terrain, the upper slopes of the village have scanty vegetation while the lower slopes have dense vegetation. The rugged topography and steep slopes have resulted in a thin soil cover. This is restricted only to the gentle slopes around the village.

Very selective crops can grow given the extreme climatic conditions. Hence, the land is not appropriate for large scale agriculture. Crops are cultivated in areas around the village or on nearby mountains. A few pockets inside the village are used as courtyards by the neighboring households where cultivation of certain crops can be found.

People of Malana own land in nearby areas such as Nirang which is the mountain side just opposite to the village and Magic valley which is a meadow about 2 km ahead of Malana near the third dam which is under construction. Most of the land in the demarcated territory of Malana is under dense forestation. Some of it has farms and the remaining has buildings.

Mountainous terrain around Malana (November, 2016)

Malana nallah is the name given to the stream that flows through the valley at the foothills of the village. Situated about 300 m below the altitude of the village (2652m), it is not used as a source of water supply for basic needs.

Bridge over the Malana nallah (May, 2015)

There are smaller streams of water that flow around the village from higher areas such as the Chanderkhani pass. These streams are diverted using PVC pipes to about 20-25 points in the village. Many of them have the provision of being turned on with the help of taps.

A natural stream of water in the outskirts of Malana (May, 2015)

A tap point inside Malana (May, 2015)

The streams are located to the south-western parts of the village on the route to Chanderkhani pass. Two waterfalls, one in the south-west and one on the north-east also serve as sources of water. These streams flow throughout the year. Water freezes in the winter and causes great inconvenience to the villagers. There are two water tanks in the upper area of the village but are not in use.

Little girls playing near a stream (May, 2015)

Malana does not have a direct road connecting it with nearby villages. The road is a 'kuchcha' road built for heavy vehicles to access the construction sites of the dams proposed over the Malana nallah. This road is very steep at some places, making it very difficult to drive on.

Road to Malana from Jari village (November, 2016)

One must get down at the Malana taxi stand which is on the other side of the valley that houses the village. This place is called Nirang. Then he/she must walk downhill toward the valley and has to cross over the Malana nallah via a steel bridge. Then, a tiring trek toward the village uphill which takes about 90 to 120 minutes would bring the person in the village which is again, situated on a gradual slope.

The other side of Malana village known as Nirang (November, 2016)

Inside the village, there is no scope for driving any vehicles or cycles. Concrete footpaths are present at many locations but the rest of the passage ways are all natural soil cover. Footpaths are accompanied by open drains at one side or the center making these walkways extremely unpleasant to walk on. Stone steps have been installed at a few places where walking would have been otherwise been very difficult since the soil layer is thin and slippery.

Narrow lanes inside the village (November, 2016)

The village was electrified in the mid 1980s. All the buildings have access to electricity. Although it's availability is a major issue in the winters because maintenance of electric poles is a problem in the extreme climate and 8-14 feet of snow.

Malana does not have a proper drainage system. Earlier, flowing water would take away wastes along its course downhill. But now, because of non-biodegradable wastes that get stuck in various places around flowing water, the neighborhood is extremely dirty. Water is always flowing which is a relief because water stagnation is not an issue, but, at the same time, it continuously brings wastes downhill and hence, needs to be addressed as a serious sanitation issue.

A cleaner drain unlike most in Malana (May, 2015)

The post office was established in the village long ago in the 1970s. Today, the village has two network providers- Idea and Airtel. Landline service was also available before but mobile phones have become a trend. Almost every individual owns a mobile handset, sometimes even of the latest specifications. Mobile repair and electronic shops are also present in the village. A cybercafe with internet service a few computers were also set up in 2014.

The average family income is around 1 lakh rupees per annum. Due to rise in the selling price of Malana creme that is cultivated locally, its sale has given a great rise to income of the villagers.

Man fleecing his sheep (November, 2016)

The major income source is the sale of Malana creme in the village itself. Another great source of income is the sale of wild herbs. These herbs are found in the mountains in the months of March and April after the snow melts and are sold at high prices to dealers from the cities. These herbs are also exported to countries like China.

Sale of wool in nearby villages, manual labor such as carrying goods into the village or work as porters and jobs provided to the inhabitants are other income generating activities.

Old woman cleaning sheep fleece (May, 2015)

Malana is an agrarian economy. Most of the cultivation today is concentrated on production of cannabis. The other occupation is the collection of herbs as mentioned above. These two constitute the backbone of the income of the villagers. The secondary occupations are manual labour and sale of wool.

Old woman spinning yarn (May, 2015)

Consumable products range from the most basic grain stock to cornflakes and olive oil. Also for commercial goods, unlike other nearby isolated settlement, Malana offers a wide scope. From basic clothes to JBL speakers, many of the modern-day luxuries are also readily available here.

Today, majority of goods are imported into the village. This also includes food items. Their availability is maintained uniformly throughout the year as purchasing power in Malana is comparatively higher than what might be expected.

Malana's largest grocery store. Most inhabitants find all their necessities here (May, 2015)

The village is divided into two parts- Dharabher (upper Malana) and Sarabher (lower Malana). The lower caste Lohars live at the bottom most part of the village in the north. Only a person living in Dharabher can construct another building in Dharabher. And only a person living in Sarabher can construct another building in Sarabher.

From the site visits, it was observed that the southern part of Malana has more old Kath-khuni houses than the northern part. This is because the fire in 2008 burnt these wooden houses in the north beyond the main temple of Rishi Jamdagni. Newer construction sites can be seen in the north and north-western parts of Malana. Now, concrete houses are favored as wood has become very expensive to construct with. Due to newer construction materials, the number of floors in each house has also increased, the tallest one being four storeys high near the Lohar residence in the southern part of the village.

Difference in forest cover with increasing altitude (Picture courtesy: Amlan Datta)

There is no system of lending money in the village. Instead, the villagers collaborate to help an acquaintance, friend or a family member to gather money and lend it to the person in need. No interest is charged and the repayment is done as per the negotiation. If the repayment is not done, the person may even be pardoned. This system reflects the mutual respect and understanding these villagers have for each other.

If credit is not available when needed, the villagers approach banks for loans. These loans are taken only in cases of emergencies or for buying luxury products or vehicles.

People are aware of political parties such as BJP and the Congress. The currently elected Sarpanch- Bhagiram is a supporter of the BJP. Although, administration in the village follows older norms and hence political parties and their agendas have little influence in the village.

The village had a democratic set up and the village council was called 'Hakima' and consisted of Goor (village Oracle), Pujari (village head priest) and Kardar (village council speaker) representing higher court and Jestha the lower court. Pujari and Kardar were hereditary posts and the representatives of Rishi Jamdagni. 'Kardar' was second in hierarchy. There were four elected members from the village called Jestha (permanent members of the council). Each Jestha could select one more member called 'Pogudar' and total elected members added to eight. Out of these eight, one person was elected as the Pradhan (Sarpanch) and the other was known as the Upapradhan.

Magdu, the 'Goor' of Malana died in 1985 and nobody has taken his place so far. Any person could become the Goor, who is then regarded as the voice of the village god. He is said to be possessed by the spirit of Rishi Jamdagni. Once the Goor is identified, he is directed to wear a cap and keep long hair. On certain occasions the Goor dances in ecstasy and is possessed by the holy spirit of Rishi Jamdagni. On such occasions the Goor directs the villagers and also listens to their woes. Goor has an important position in the village council and is always consulted before making any judgment.

[Source: Exhibition- Malana ShangriLa in the Himalayas]

Lower court of Malana (May, 2015)

Gram Panchayat

The village is divided into 7 wards. Each ward has an elected representative and he/ she is known as the Panch of his/ her respective wards.

All villagers including the Lohars have one equal vote. The Sarpanch and the Vice Pradhan are chosen every five years along with the seven Panch(s) of the wards. The voting for all the representatives is done at the same time using stamps. These nine elected representatives constitute the Gram Panchayat.

Gram Sabha

A formal meeting is organized by the members of the Gram Panchayat twice a month. The aim of this meeting is to solve the issues that the villagers have. Here, the villagers are heard equally and ask the Gram Panchayat to solve disputes or can place their demands/ mention expectations for development etc.

Villagers call this the 'Parliament' where the Gram Panchayat meets (May, 2015)

Most men do not work daily and can be seen lazing around near the main temple complex and the lower court area. This system of men not working has been present in Malana for centuries. Men may undertake activities such as herding sheep, working in farms and manual labour. Specifically, men are involved in trade. Women are not involved in trade. So, in one way, men bring money in the house.

Women of Malana are majorly involved in various day to day activities. They wash clothes, clean utensils, work in farms, cook food, gather firewood and may also do manual labour. Clearly, domestic activities are undertaken by women. Below is a chart explaining the social standing of women in Malana.

A young woman carrying firewood to store for the upcoming winter season (November, 2016)

"Malana Fagli" and "Malana Shaun" are the two main festivals of this village . "Malana Fagli" is celebrated in mid of February whereas "Malana Shaun" on 15th of August.

Locals celebrating an occasion (May, 2015)

In Malana, people get married at a very early age of 13-14 years. The marriage can be an extremely quick affair as well as the rituals are not complex. The bride and the groom wear traditional outfits. The groom along with his family visits the bride's house. The groom's friends or other acquaintances may also accompany him. At the girl's house, rice, chapati, dal and meat is served. The bride's parents present gifts to the couple and bless them. Then the groom carries a torch- 'Mashal' in his hand and the bride follows him to his house where she settles down. This ceremony has no elaborate rites or rituals and the priest is not present either. And, therefore is known as Rakshasi marriage. The ceremony usually costs around Rs. 50,000.

The people of Malana are allowed to either marry inside the village or in a nearby village known as Rasol where Renuka Devi, wife of Jamdagni Rishi is worshipped as main deity. If somebody marries outside these territories, he or she may not be allowed to return to the village.

Divorces are common in the village. A meager sum of Rs. 20 has to be offered to the Devta in the temple and the priest declares the separation. According to the old rules, an arrangement of basic necessities such as a house, food, etc. has to made for the woman after the divorce. People of Malana can marry multiple times. Men are allowed to have more than one wives while women can remarry after divorce. In case the husband dies, the widow can remarry after one year.

[Source: Exhibition- Malana ShangriLa in the Himalayas]

The people of Malana identify their last rituals as the purest in the valleys. The body of the deceased is burnt the same day if possible or the next day in case of death at night near the Malana nallah. The body is placed on a pyre and then set to fire till the body turns to ashes where the remains are left. The family or acquaintances of the deceased move into a Dharamshala built near the temple complex till these rituals are over. They may also stay here till the house of the deceased is purified by a goat sacrifice.

[Source: Exhibition- Malana ShangriLa in the Himalayas]

In case of a dispute, the issue is raised in the lower court where the Gram Panchayat acts as the council. Both parties are heard and the judgment is announced. In case of dissatisfaction by this judgment, the higher court can be accessed. Both these courts are present in the village. The court is not rigid in its decisions and may revise them in the interest of the village. If the accused wants to address the police in this case, he has to pay a fine of Rs. 1,000 to the council.

The judiciary of Malana has its own way of administering justice. In most cases the guilty is fined. In case of theft the offender has to return the whole amount and pay a certain amount to the treasury. In case someone revolts against the administration and judiciary, his property is seized and the person is not allowed to stay in the valley. In case of theft or misuse of the God's treasures, the stones are tied to culprit and he is pushed down the mountain slopes.

[Source: Exhibition- Malana ShangriLa in the Himalayas]

There was another practice of making justice by the court of Malana which is no longer continued. Here, two lambs were brought on the platform belonging to the two people who have a dispute. A plant which acted like poison was sought from the mountains and kept in the hand. At the same time, one slit was made on the necks of the lambs by their owners and the herb was put inside and the wound was stitched back. Soon, one of the lamb would die and the other one would be standing. The person whose lamb would die first was deemed guilty and had to admit defeat even if the judgment was wrong. Later the loser would accompany the winner to his/ her house and make peace.

The older parts of the village have been built using wood and stone that were locally available. Old houses in Malana are two or three storeys high and each floor has a specific name and purpose. The ground floor is called 'Khudang', which acts as a cattle shed and where the firewood and fodder for the sheep and goats are stored. The first floor called 'Gaying' is used to store eatables, wool and for weaving woolen fabric. The top floor with an overhanging balcony is called 'Pati'. It is the actual living quarter.

After the fire of 2008, around 150 houses burnt down in the northern part of the village. This can be noticed easily because older Kath-khuni buildings are majorly found in the southern side of the village.

Unlike the villages in the Shimla district, villages in the Kullu and Parvati valley have the absence of tall Tower Temples which functioned as granaries, look out points or as fortifications during invasions. Malana does not have any tower suggesting that it never needed one because it has always been a peaceful community and the main temple is also used as a granary of Rishi Jamdagni.

Old construction with Kath-khuni style of architecture (November, 2016)

The new buildings are being constructed using cement concrete with corrugated sheets being used as roofs. This is because cutting trees for timber has been banned by the forest department and now, only temples or other public buildings can be built using wood. This has made obtaining wood very expensive in comparison with materials like cement.

Stone is still relatively cheap and can be obtained from nearby quarries at Rs. 1 per stone. Cement sacks weighing about 70-80 kg available at Rs. 335 a sack are available in the village at a cost of Rs. 550. A sack of sand weighing 30 kg is priced at Rs. 200 in the village while a quintal of rebar costs around Rs. 3,300. These materials are available at higher costs in the village because they need to be transported from lower lying areas such as Jari. Labour charges are around Rs. 600 a day and additional arrangements are to be made for their stay in the village. Hence, construction is probably the most expensive affair in the village.

A building under construction using bricks and mortar (November, 2016)

A very dense neighbourhood (November, 2016)

The village is densely populated and hence, most of the buildings are extremely close to each other. There are several open pockets in between these buildings and act as community spaces. These courtyards may vary in size and are usually near water points. Some of these courtyards are raised platforms made of stone and covered with cement concrete on top.

Near the temple complex, a similar platform is built as the lower court of the village and during the day, men can be seen playing cards or smoking cannabis.

Gradients, built and unbuilt spaces in Malana

The village seems to have evolved from the main temple complex where the Dharamshalas may have followed the construction of the main temple of Rishi Jamdagni and later, with the increase in population, houses must have spread out in different directions. Today, majority of the construction sites can be seen either in the higher lying areas in the north-west or lower lying areas in the eastern directions. No space is available in the central core of the village for further development.

Hand drawn sketch of temple complex and surrounding public amenities

Typical settlement pattern of a Himalayan village [Source: Book- Prathaa]. Note: This is not Malana

Short-Term Plans

Short term plans of the village include the cleaning of the village, but these attempts in the past have failed miserably due to the absence of a garbage disposal system in the village.

• Long term plans include the construction of a building that houses a new clinic and schools in the center of the village. This project is almost complete.
• There has been another demand for a new road to connect the village directly to the road instead of a connection through the valley. This proposal has been put forward by the Gram Panchayat and construction is expected to start soon.

SWOT analysis

Malana Dam (May, 2015)

Due to the visual features of the inhabitants of Malana being similar to the people from Europe, some travelers spread the rumors of inhabitants of Malana being the successors of Alexander the Great. They supported it by mentioning that Alexander had fought King Porus in the Battle of Hydaspes (known as Jhelum river) in 326 BC and a few of his soldiers settled down in the Himalayan valleys and later founded Malana.

Today, the population of Malana has mixed features (such as those of Indo-Aryans and Mongolian) showing that there has been a lot of outside influence in the demography of the village. The people of Malana speak a language which has Sino-Tibetan lineage and is called 'Kanashi'. This language is believed to be the dialect spoken by the 'Rakshasas' which could possibly be an ancient nomadic tribe residing in these parts of the mountains.

The villagers are aware of this myth about Alexander whom they refer to as 'Sikandar' and identify themselves as higher caste Rajput Hindus. Some elders even mentioned that these were lies that were spread by outsiders and because it helped them gain attention, they did not bother correcting the tourists.

Villages in Himachal Pradesh revere different gods and goddesses. They may speak different local dialects and may have different administrative systems in place. At first, Malana may appear very unique due to its ancient democratic system, mythological beliefs and cultural differences to anybody living outside the Himalayan valleys. But, all the Himalayan settlements have such differences and hence, most of them are similar in one sense.

We can attribute Malana's uniqueness only because of their recognition by nearby settlements as the followers of Rishi Jamdagni and being placed as higher castes than other communities. According to the local mythological tales, their language-'Kanashi' is believed to be the dialect of the 'Rakshasas' that once lived in these mountains. Because of some rumors and also its genuinely exquisite background, Malana received more attention than other nearby villages. Its altitude (about 8700 ft) and the cultivation techniques used by the villagers allowed for a higher THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) content making the psychotropic effect of locally grown cannabis stronger.

Soon, Malana obtained the identity of a "Hippie heaven" and Malana creme also received the "Best Hashish" title twice in 1994 and 1996 at "High Times" magazine’s "Cannabis Cup" in Amsterdam. The villagers soon shifted to cultivating cannabis and stopped the cultivation of other crops to a large extent. Today the populace of Malana is totally dependent on cannabis as a greater source of income and relies on the import of goods and food items from nearby settlements as the inhabitants don't produce enough consumable items. This has been possible unlike in other villages because of the gradual but remarkable increase in the purchasing power of the people of Malana due to the cannabis sale.

Census Report of Malana by the "Census of India, 2011"

[Source: http://www.censusindia.gov.in]

Sample Survey Questionnaire for Locals

Village life-

1. What is your name and age?
2. Are there any electrical problems? What?
3. What are your sources of entertainment or leisure?
4. What more amenities do you expect in the village?
5. What do you think of a girl child and a boy child?
6. At what age did/ will you get married? How many kids have you had?
7. Do you work in winter months? What work?
8. Do you want to educate your kids? Why?
9. Do you think the government is willing to help you? If not, why?
10. Are you aware of the history of this village? Alexander tale?
11. Do you like Old Malana or the new one?
12. What are your aims and aspirations in life?
13. Do you or your family plan to shift out of Malana ever? Why?

Cannabis cultivation-

1. What is your name and age?
2. Do you grow cannabis? If yes, who else in your family does?
3. How much cannabis do you sell everyday/ week?
4. Do you earn more money because now you sell cannabis?
5. Is there any other source of income? What would you resort to if cannabis wasn't there?
6. Are you aware that cultivation of cannabis is illegal?

Garbage disposal-

1. What is your name and age?
2. Where do you throw your garbage?
3. Do you think this garbage can spread diseases if not cleaned soon?
4. Are you aware that plastic is non-biodegradable?
5. How often do you fall sick? Do you think it is because the village is dirty?
6. Would you like if the village be cleaned and stay that way?
7. Would you like to volunteer to clean and maintain the village?

Wool and hemp as business alternatives-

1. What is your name and age?
2. What is your annual income?
3. Is business here profitable or stagnant?
4. How often do you travel outside Malana and why?
5. Do you get everything in the village that you need?
6. Do you own sheep? How many? For what?
7. Where do you make woolen or hemp products and where do you sell them?
8. Do you think that visitors would be willing to buy hemp/ woolen products if they knew they have supply here? Will that be financially beneficial to you?

Housing-

1. What is your name and age?
2. How many people live in your house? What is your relation to them?
3. Can you all live comfortably in your house? Can anything get better?
4. Are you planning on building another house? If so, when? Why?
5. Does cost of construction bother you?
6. Do you think cutting of trees should be banned? Should you be allowed to use wood to build your houses?
7. Do you like new concrete houses or the old wooden ones?